Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic, degenerative joint disease that affects the entire joint, including the cartilage, bone, ligaments, and surrounding tissues. It's often referred to as "wear and tear" arthritis because it involves the gradual breakdown of cartilage, which cushions the ends of bones in your joints.

OA can be caused by a combination of factors, including:

• Age: The risk increases with age.

• Gender: Women are more likely to develop OA than men.

• Obesity: Excess weight puts extra stress on weight-bearing joints like the knees and hips.

• Joint Injuries: Previous injuries can increase the risk of developing OA in the affected joint.

• Genetics: Family history can play a role.

Common symptoms include:

• Pain: Often worsens with activity and improves with rest.

• Stiffness: Usually felt after periods of inactivity, like waking up in the morning.

• Swelling: Caused by inflammation in the joint.

• Reduced Range of Motion: Difficulty moving the affected joint.

Diagnosis typically involves:

• Medical History and Physical Examination: Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and perform a physical exam to check for joint tenderness, swelling, and range of motion.

• Imaging Tests: X-rays, MRI, or CT scans can help visualize the extent of joint damage.

While there is no cure for OA, treatments can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life:

• Medications: Pain relievers, anti-inflammatory drugs, and topical creams can help alleviate pain.

• Physical Therapy: Exercises to strengthen muscles around the joint and improve flexibility.

• Lifestyle Changes: Maintaining a healthy weight, staying active, and avoiding activities that strain the joints.

• Surgery: In severe cases, joint replacement or other surgical procedures may be necessary.

Managing OA involves a combination of medical treatment, lifestyle changes, and self-care:

• Stay Active: Regular exercise can help maintain joint function and reduce pain.

• Healthy Diet: Eating a balanced diet can help manage weight and reduce inflammation.

• Support: Joining support groups or seeking counseling can help cope with the emotional aspects of living with a chronic condition.

While OA cannot be entirely prevented, you can reduce your risk by:

• Maintaining a Healthy Weight: Reducing stress on weight-bearing joints.

• Staying Active: Regular exercise helps keep joints flexible and muscles strong.

• Protecting Joints: Avoiding injuries and overuse of joints.